Union Square As A Tourist Attraction - 1705 Words

In a little neighborhood, we all know and love called Union Square has a history that would be unknown to the naked eye. The park has undergone redevelopment multiple times in hopes of bettering the neighborhood. Within the little area, there is shopping, varieties of food, all kinds of entertainment, and of course, places to rest. Even though there is not the same overwhelming amount of stimulation as Times Square, Union Square has still become a big tourist attraction Rather, all along the outskirts of it are different neighborhoods we’re all familiar with, such as the Flatiron District and Greenwich Village. As Union Square underwent re-design and gentrification, so did the outer neighborhoods, hiking the rent and making it harder for†¦show more content†¦It had been attempted to demolish homes in the neighborhood in the 1960’s in order to create more room for traffic on the streets, as well was create highways. Jane Jacobs, who lived in Greenwich village wh ich is one of the neighborhoods that border Union Square, helped put a stop to the demolition because she believed in the importance of street life. Despite further reconstruction of the parks’ area, the street life has remained strong. The farmers market that exists year-round opened in the mid 1970’s and has been around ever since. Even with the previous demolition, crime rates in the park rose again. Union Square park underwent more renovation which was organized by Edward Koch in order to make the neighborhood and park a safer place for people to be. Plazas, subway kiosks and more lighting were added in hopes to decrease crime and increase revenue by attracting middle and upper class people to move in, as well as be a place for tourism. As the park began to change, so did the surrounding neighborhoods. Greenwich village and the Flatiron District Union Square are two of the many neighborhoods which border Union Square. In the early 20th century, the Flatiron Distric t was the place to be if you wanted to go to bars or go dancing. It was marked as one of the most happening places to be back then. Although there was a residential area, it was rather an area to go shopping and have a night lifeShow MoreRelatedUtah : Becoming A State1003 Words   |  5 Pages Utah is the 45th state to be a part of the United States on January 4, 1896. Home of the famous Mormon Temple and Mormon Tabernacle, Temple Square is a massive tourist attraction in Utah bringing up to three to five million people every year. And when it comes to Utah Constitution, it resemble the Federal Constitution. In 1848, the United States gained control of Utah from Mexico as a result of the Mexican-American War ( â€Å"Utah State History - 4 Becoming a State†, 2017 para. 1). In the Treaty ofRead MoreIran, The Islamic Republic Of Iran1439 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Islamic Republic of Iran, it borders the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, the Caspian Sea, and is located between Iraq and Pakistan. It also shares borders with Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Turkmenistan. Iran is roughly 1,648,195 square feet, the eighteenth largest country in the world with a population size of 82,801,633. It is governed as a theocratic republic, which is their legal system based on Islamic law. The judiciary system of Iran follows some aspects of Sharia law, butRead More New York State Report1202 Words   |  5 Pageswhich brought back the tourists to visiting. In 2013, New York had over 54 million visitors, which is there all time high. The economic impact of tourism that year is almost $5 9 billion. New York has thousands of attractions all over the state, however the main ones are in New York City. These attractions include: Central Park, the Statue of Liberty, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Empire State building, Rockefeller Center, Times Square, the Brooklyn Bridge, Madison Square Garden, and etc. NewRead MoreHawaii Is No Other Than Hawaii936 Words   |  4 PagesOceania. Hawaii is 10,932 square miles and it the 8th smallest state in the United States. It located 2,390 miles from California, 3,850 miles from Japan, 4,900 miles from China, and 5,280 miles from the Philippines. The state of Hawaii consists of eight main islands: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, Kahoolawe and Big Island of Hawaii. These islands have the biggest mountain range of the world. The Hawaiian islands cover 6,459 square miles and the land area is 6,423 square miles. The highestRead MoreEngland Throughout History1724 Words   |  7 PagesEngland because the black death kills one third of the population. A long time after the black death was over in 1476 William Caxton set up England’s first printing service. In 1485 Henry VII is crowned the King of England. Also during 1485 the â€Å"Act of Union† unified the England, Wales, and Scotland. The three countries were called the â€Å"United Kingdom.† 1558 was huge year for England because Queen Elizabeth began her 45 year reign. Under Queen Elizabeths leadership in 1558 the Spanish Armada was defeatedRead MoreEssay on A Brawl in Mickeys Backyard1796 Words   |  8 Pagesacross the street was just that: a resort district. In the early 1900’s , the city of Anaheim designated 2 square miles across the street from the theme park as a special resort district. The resort area, which was 5% of the city’s area only, produced more than half of its tax revenue by 2007. Therefore the area and any development new or old within it were restricted to serve only tourist needs. This meant tourism related development such as hotels and restaurants, Disney argued, and not affordableRead MoreThe Culture of the State of Georgia, A Paragraph695 Words   |  3 Pagespeople that stepped on Georgias land stepped on it about 10,000 years ago. Georgia is located along the Atlantic Ocean and is Southeastern in the United States.Georgia is roughly about 57,906 square miles and it’s population is about 8,186,453.The capital of Georgia is Atlanta and it was admitted to the Union on January 2,1788, also it was the fourth state that had been named.It is usually pretty hot in the Summer and pretty humid in the Winter. Known for its many larger cities which are AtlantaRead MoreJap An Electronic Wonderland1240 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Aioicho area. A temple dedicated to the dei ty of protection from fire, Akiba, was erected where the JR Akihabara station now stands, to prevent future fires from harming the inner city. This temple was named Chinka Jinja and was built on 30,000 square meters of land (â€Å"Akihabara†). Throughout the eighteenth century, and into the nineteenth, Akihabara was known for its antique and linen shops before electricity came to Tokyo. Although, once electricity was available in Tokyo, Akihabara began to growRead MoreMy Local History Project On Dowagiac1518 Words   |  7 PagesDowagiac Michigan History I choose to do my local history project on Dowagiac, Michigan which is a part of Cass County. I visited Dowagiac History Museum that has three floors to venture in and 6,000 square feet of exhibits of Dowagiac, Cass County, and Sister Lakes. The price was free admission, and I got lost in history for well over an hour. I learned a great deal about the geography, the original settlers, economic factors, religion, ethnicity, and other interesting facts. I did conduct additionalRead MoreNew Orleans : The Confederate Era Monuments1283 Words   |  6 Pagesstory. In 1960 Jackson Square was declared a national historic landmark due to its growing popularity. New Orleans was built around Place d’Armes which was the original name of Jackson Square (Wegmann). Place d’Armes was changed to Jackson Square shortly after Jackson’s death in honor of him (Wegmann). A few short years later, the well-known statue of Jackson perched atop his horse was revealed to tens of thousands of spectators (Wegman) in 1862 Jackson’s famous statement â€Å"the union must and shall be

Is Minimum Wage Enough - 908 Words

Is minimum wage enough to live on? Most people would assume that the minimum wage would be the minimum amount people need to survive in today’s world, but that just is not the case. People are not able to survive on $7.50 an hour alone, but the price they are demanding would also impact fast food companies greatly. Noah Glass, founder and CEO of Olo and co-founder or Twitter, believes that he has the answer to the problem. His solution to the problem would benefit most of the fast food workers who are receiving minimum wage. Glass believes that implementing more technology into the fast food restaurant setting would not only help the company, but also result in increased pay for employees. Noah Glass uses his credibility, knowledge on the subject, and statistics to effectively convince fast food companies that introducing a digital ordering system will increase the efficiency of the company as well as provide their employees with an increased minimum wage. Noah Glass is not only a co-founder of Twitter, but he is the Founder and CEO of Olo. Olo is company that revolves solely around the principle of ordering all of your food digitally or online. Being the founder of Olo means that Glass has a lot of experience on the subject and was easily able to figure out what the problem with fast food companies was, as shown in the article. â€Å"Why? The restaurant industry has been relatively slow to adopt technology and its labor productivity has suffered as a result.† Glass was able toShow MoreRelatedThe Minimum Wage It is not Enough to Cover Basic Needs Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesThe government sets minimum wage at what they think an average person needs to live a healthy life, but is minimum wage isnt really enough to support a person. Minimum wage does not change with inflation, and prices have gone up since the last time minimum wage was changed on July 5, 2009. People get paid minimum wage, which is what the government says sho uld be enough to cover the costs of living for a person, but for those living on minimum wage, hunger and malnutrition are a big problem, evenRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Minimum Wage994 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of the minimum wage is that workers are guaranteed enough money to improve their standard of living. The price of the minimum wage is determined by the state, but a federal minimum wage is set. Some states choose to go above the minimum wage, while others, such as Alabama and Louisiana, choose to not have a minimum wage at all (Root). The minimum wage is important to society, because it can affect many people’s lives. There are many pros and cons to having a minimum wage in the United StatesRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesRoyer Political Science 120 7 November 2016 Increase Minimum Wage Introduction The United States’ minimum wage has been a concerning issue amongst the low wage earners because of the amount they earn is not enough for them to live on their own. Therefore causing the citizens who earn minimum wage to have an impossible time finding a place to stay and expenses for daily survival. Increasing the minimum wage will solve the issues that the minimum wage earners make, thus increasing the chances of survivalRead MoreRaising Minimum Wage Will Benefit Our Economy1576 Words   |  7 PagesThere are many people who will debate whether-or-not raising minimum wage will benefit our economy. Money is what helps us survive and acquire our necessities of life. Most children are instilled with the thought that going to school, getting a good education, and obtaining a good job would guarantee success and happiness; although everyone does not have that privilege, and may end up with lower paying jobs. Almost anyone can get a job at a fast food restaurant, clothing stor e, or any general jobRead MoreEssay on The Minimum Wage Must Be Increased1575 Words   |  7 PagesNo family gets rich from earning the minimum wage. In fact, the current minimum wage does not even lift a family out of poverty. -- Jon Corzine Many people can think back and remember what it was like to put in an application for that first job and be presented with a position. Taking that position represents adulthood and is a very exciting time for a young person. All first jobs usually start with a minimum wage. Minimum wage is the minimum an employer has to pay an unskilled workerRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Raised1145 Words   |  5 PagesThe current minimum wage is $7.25, which equals two gallons of milk, one fast food meal or two gallons of gas. Can you imagine yourself working 12-hours a day and only having enough money to pay for rent and put food on the table for your family? With working all those long hours, you can barely afford to pay your utility bills and after that you don’t have enough money or time for luxuries like clothing or vacation. You have no savings as matter of fact, you are in a huge debt and you are livingRead MoreEssay on We Must Raise the Minimum Wage1615 Words   |  7 Pages Minimum wage is the lowest wage an employer can pay their employees. There is a Federal minimum wage and in some cases a State Minimum wage. The current Federal minimum wage is $7.25. An employee who makes $7.25 an hour and works 40 hours a week, will earn about $14,000 per year. The Federal government deemed that the poverty line is anyone who makes less than $17,000 a year (â€Å"Federal Minimum†). Therefore anyone that makes minimum wage lives below the poverty line. As president ObamaRead MorePersuasive Research on Minimum Wage1002 Words   |  5 Pagescontroversial topics that surround money is if the government should increase the minimum wage to help boost our frail economy and lower class. The lower class has suffered the past few years with the recession and high unemployment rates and making any kind of change to the minimum wage would affect them directly. Changes to the minimum wage would also affect the value of the dollar as well. An increase to the minimum wage would significantly help the lower class get off the ground and it would surgeRead MoreMinimum Wage and Its Implications763 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum wage affects everyone. The current minimum wage is at $7.25 and President Obama announced that he wished to see a change in the minimum wage, he wants to raise the hourly wage to $10.10. A rise in the income of those who are employed will also raise the cost of hiring unskilled labor and can potentially reduce the number of people hired by businesses. Also, if minimum wage is raised then the price of the products that the companies are making might increase which will continue the cycle ofRead MoreIt’s Hard to Live on Minimum Wage I did not believe when I heard that there are people who live in1000 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s Hard to Live on Minimum Wage I did not believe when I heard that there are people who live in the richest country in the world who do not have access to food and shelter. I thought all the people that lived in United States had food and shelter because to me the United States was a powerful country that didn’t have people who live in poverty, unlike the People who live in Africa that don’t have any of those. But it’s hard to believe that thousands of people are living in poverty and they are

Compare and Contrast Mesopotamia and Egypt Free Essays

The Egyptians much like the Mesopotamians are similar in that they obtain monarchies stratified social systems. However Egypt had a unified nation while Mesopotamia utilized city states and socially Kings were viewed different in the societies. Although Egypt and Mesopotamia had similar governing styles and social classes never the less, they differed in political organization and the roles women. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Mesopotamia and Egypt or any similar topic only for you Order Now Egypt and Mesopotamia were similar in the way that they both were monarchies. The monarchs in Egypt were called pharaohs; they were believed to be an earthly manifestation of the gods. Mesopotamia had kings that ruled city states which refer to a self-governing urban center and agricultural territories. Egypt and Mesopotamia are also parallel because they both have a stratified class system. In both civilizations the Kings make up the highest status in the system, the secondary levels are made up of the nobles and priests, the next standard is made up of artisans, and lastly the peasants and slaves make up the two lowest positions. Egypt and Mesopotamia also have various differences. The first difference was the role of women in the civilizations. In Egypt women were able to divorce her husband, was able to inherit from her parents, and we able to own land. In Mesopotamia women were used as instruments for preserving and enhancing family wealth, women had little social standing and freedom. In both civilizations women were important because they were needed for their fertility. Another difference was how the two civilizations is how they were unified as a whole. Egypt was undivided, they were a bureaucracy, Egypt was ruled as a whole nation under the pharaoh. Mesopotamia on the other hand were a city state, Mesopotamia had many kings that ruled a kingdom in the area of Mesopotamia. Lastly, there was a Law code in Mesopotamia which was a long set of examples that illustrated the principles to be used in a case. Egypt did not have a law code. The Egyptians and Mesopotamian have many similarities and differences. The similarities consist of both have similar political organization and both had stratified class systems. The differences are composed of role of women and unity of the civilization. Although Egypt and Mesopotamia had similar commanding roles, they differed in the governing aspects of the civilizations. How to cite Compare and Contrast Mesopotamia and Egypt, Essay examples

Managerial Accounting Plum Electronics

Questions: 1. What type of organization is Plum Electronics? Manufacturing, merchandising or service?2.What are their products?3. What type of costing system is they currently using, what are the current cost allocation bases used for indirect costs and what are the consequences for the Maximum and Mammoth costs?4.What is the costing issue currently facing the company?5. What is the alternate costing system that is being proposed? Demonstrate the effect of the alternate costing system on the unit costs of the Maximum and the Mammoth using the example of calculations for allocating purchase order costs.6. What are the advantages of the alternate costing system?7. What is the potential ethical dilemma facing the management accountant in this scenario? Answers: 1. The organizations that develop physical products and maintain inventory, have production labors and specific manufacturing site come under the categorization of manufacturing organizations(Linton 2014)[1]. Plum electronics is a manufacturing organization as it develops tangible products that are Mammoth and Maximum Tele Vision sets. 2. The main products of organization are two models of large screen TV sets Mammoth Maximum 3. At present the company is employing traditional methods to allocate costs. These methods employ in-direct methods to allocate costs. Such as, drivers of costs are used in order to allocate costs to the products including labor hours and machine hours. A fixed rate is calculated and applied to all products. In case of Plum electronics, they are using labor hour rate (13.20 Dollars) as well as the rate of machine hours (19.80 Dollars) to allocate the direct cost. The allocation base for manufacturing overhead is (27.50 Dollars) in case of indirect allocation. Cost driver includes anything that causes the cost to incur or that are related to occurring of cost in any way. In this case cost for Mammoth and Maximum are being calculated on same machine hours and labor hours. In this manner, more overhead cost is allocated to the item those employees more machine hours. More indirect cost will be allocated to mammoth as it needs more machine hours (8*27.50=220 Dollars) while half will be allocated to Maximum (4*27.50=110 Dollars). Despite more direct cost is allocated to Maximum, the allocation of indirect cost is more for Mammoth based on same rates of allocation of indirect cost under simple system of cost allocation. 4. At present the company is using simple system of costing on traditional basis according to which the Mammoth line is not profitable given its overall costs. While the Maximum line that is newly introduced is shown to be having profitable as the cost is lower. The organization deduced that it will focus on Maximum while phasing out Mammoth, as the former is generating more profits. The controller advised that the company should consider using Activity based costing method in which the allocation of costs is done on the basis of the activities that are undertaken in the process of developing TV sets. But under this system of cost allocation the Maximum line was shown to be un profitable. As per the manager of division these estimates were misleading and if they are presented to senior management, it will result in plashing out the Maximum line. In addition to this, he stated that Jacob has not added all activities that are undertaken in the process of developing TV sets. Even after using more accurate activities, the profits were similar. This shows that activity based costing was showing more precise estimates. The bonus of Clark is based on the division revenues and the company cannot phase out any of these produces. Thus, the issue is what is that the traditional costing system is not representing the actual estimates of profits and it might result into wrong cost allocations and making of decisions related to products. 5. ABC costing is used as alternative costing to process the amount as whole. Activity based costing assumes to be the step by step process that must provide manufacturing productions to determine the overhead costs and incurred planning. Each overhead costing method is available for variable and fixed assigned costing practices. The allocation that is done on the basis of resources incurred in developing a product offers better estimates of the resulting cost. It gives additional information regarding the procedures that are performing well and those that are not. It helps the management in identifying which of the steps add value and which steps dont add value. It indicates that where the waste is occurring and which steps are causing the overhead cost to enhance. Activity Based Costing (ABC) system is proposed as an alternate system to allocate costs. In this type of system costs are allocated on the basis of the activities performed to make the products and the resources that are used by them (Horngren, Datar and Rajan 2011)[2]. It is different from the conventional method to allocate costs in in-direct manner. This gives more accurate and precise allocation of costs and results in more accurate amounts that offer better decision making basis. It gives a more realistic picture of production costs and allows the management to make better decisions to cut unnecessary costs and improve the revenues. It offers better organization of costs and can be used in all process of organization These cost categories are activity cost pools. Cost drivers are actually based on casual for total costing system in order to increase the values. The number of times material ordered, the production line in factory, number of supplies, number of shipments, and other costs that incurred. Activity based costing method is a pool of activities that are divided by total number of units and activities to determine cost per unit. Formula of cost per unit is: ABC activity cost per unit = total activity cost/ total number of units for activity Purchase order costs Activity cost per unit for Maximum = $ 1,045,440/ 109,980 = 9.5 $ Activity cost per unit for Mammoth = $1045,440 / 80,100 = 13.5 $ After calculating the cost, it is evaluated that ABC costing method is important alternative that allocate the cost of system that based on various activities and perform to make the resources. Mammoth has higher cost of purchasing than the Maximum, so Maximum will get productive cost and improve the productivity. 6. Activity Based Costing (ABC) system is proposed as an alternate system to allocate costs. In this type of system costs are allocated on the basis of the activities performed to make the products and the resources that are used by them(Horngren, Datar and Rajan 2011). It is different from the conventional method to allocate costs in in-direct manner. This gives more accurate and precise allocation of costs and results in more accurate amounts that offer better decision making basis. The allocation that is done on the basis of resources incurred in developing a product offers better estimates of the resulting cost. It gives additional information regarding the procedures that are performing well and those that are not. It helps the management in identifying which of the steps add value and which steps dont add value. It indicates that where the waste is occurring and which steps are causing the overhead cost to enhance. As a result it gives a more realistic picture of production cos ts and allows the management to make better decisions to cut unnecessary costs and improve the revenues. It offers better organization of costs and can be used in all process of organization (Tunce, et al. 2005)[3]. 7. The process of management account must keep in view the values and ethics. The manager must be honest and ethical in allocation of costs to products in a manner that maximize the organizational profits rather than the managers own interests (Vitez 2015)[4]. In this case the potential dilemma is the choice of using cost allocation methods. The bonus of manager depends on the amount of profit that organization earns. The manager can use traditional method of allocating costs in a way that hides the actual financial position by misallocation of costs. In this way he will be able to enhance his bonus rather than using the cost allocation method that results in better organizational profits by correct allocation of costs. Bibliography Horngren, Charles, Srikant,Datar, and Madhav,Rajan. Cost Accounting: A Managerial Emphasis. Printece Hall, 2011. Linton, Lan. 2014. "Five Differnces between service and manufacturing Organzitaions", smallbusiness.com.https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-differences-between-service-manufacturing-organizations-19073.html (accessed September 19, 2016). Tunce, Gonca, Derya Eren Akyol, Gunhan Mirac Bayhan, and Utku Koker. "Application of Activity-Based Costing in a Manufacturing Company: A Comparison with Traditional Costing." Computational Science ICCS 2005, 2005: 562-569. Vitez, Osmond. 2015. "Ethics in Managerial Accounting", Smallbusiness.com. https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethics-managerial-accounting-3737.html (accessed September 19, 2016).

The American Obsession with Bodily Perfection free essay sample

The American Obsession with Bodily Perfection America is a growing and changing nation, but one characteristic has outlasted the years. The obsession for a socially-accepted body, whether it be wearing a corset, being big and voluptuous or, for men, being muscular and lean, has always existed. The culprit, a negative body image, now haunts approximately eight million people across the United States and is beginning to seep into more American minds as the â€Å"Perfect† disease spreads (Davis 8). In the past decade, the pressure to have â€Å"the perfect body† has dramatically increased in America; every individual in this nation has a different view of what â€Å"the perfect body† actually is, and many people who are seeking it are willing to take radical measures, like suffering from an eating disorder or turning towards cosmetic surgery to erase the imperfections of their body they believe exist. Quests for â€Å"the perfect body† in the past few years have increased in both males and females. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Obsession with Bodily Perfection or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Women are pounded with media every day telling them, â€Å"thin is in† or â€Å"thinner is better,† but in reality, achieving this â€Å"ideal† body is sometimes impossible and unhealthy to obtain (Davis 12). Ten billion dollars a year is spent by the American population to look â€Å"ideal† and lose weight (Kuberskey 19- 20). In fact, â€Å"ideal weight† has varied in America from one generation to the next. Marilyn Monroe was curvy and voluptuous in one decade and, in another, Kate Moss began the thin epidemic, but both for their time period were ideal. The information stating that thin is beautiful sparks from the media, for female celebrities are usually portrayed on the television or in magazines without flaws. What many young women do not understand about television and magazines is the art of digital body contouring. All models or celebrities have imperfections, yet in pictures or digital images the editor airbrushes over them, creating a look of perfection. Sadly, these false statements and images affect teenage girls, the main readers of these magazines and viewers of these television shows (Davis 21). Teenage years are when girls find out who they are, and up and coming teenage girls have now been taught that being slender is the only accepted bodily form (Kuberskey 15-16). According to Brangien Davis, â€Å"Advertisers in the beauty and fashion industries make it seem that if we don’t strive for the beauty ideal, we won’t be successful or happy in life† (13). In the advertiser’s minds, the only thing that matters is that beauty sells (Davis 21). Because of these pressures to look beautiful and sophisticated, a negative body image tends to affect females rather than males. Girls define themselves by their appearance, yet boys define themselves by their abilities, therefore, men wish to be lean and muscular. For this reason, men are not immune to the quest for bodily perfection; no one is (Davis 15). These quests for perfection are usually undetectable in men, for men do not speak about their obsession because they fear being embarrassed or looking feminine. Males are subconsciously influenced by muscular heroes like GI Joe, muscle and fitness magazines, or even male models (Kassar). These men with body issues believe they are not muscular or lean enough and fear gaining weight. These secretly infatuated men are beginning to show their obsessions in our everyday lives just as commonly as women show their obsessions. Men’s fascinations with the perfect body are sometimes more dangerous than women’s fascinations, for men use drugs like anabolic steroids to gain muscle and become â€Å"ideal. † They work out excessively and use Creatine to increase muscle tone and, deceivingly, look toned and healthy, although their body is suffering (Kassar). Dr. Brian Kassar believes that â€Å"In men’s perspective if you are thin, muscular and ‘virile,’ you will be personally and sexually fulfilled. † To have â€Å"the perfect body,† weight is obviously a major concern to the minds of these fanatical people. They develop, sometimes after Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa and Disordered Eating. Other causes of eating disorders include media, celebrities, models, advertisements, child abuse or wanting complete control over oneself (Kuberskey 28-30). Young people from their early teenage years to mid- twenties are especially susceptible to these eating disorders, for advertisements, television shows, and magazine articles are targeted towards people in this age group (6). Eating Disorders are most commonly heard about on the television, for, in Hollywood, celebrities are accused, every day, of having an eating disorder. Because of a common misconception that celebrities are the only individuals that suffer from these mental illnesses, many people do not realize that it exists all around them. It is estimated that sixty-two percent of teenage girls and twenty eight percent of teenage boys have been on diets, and many of these teens have used dangerous methods to lose weight (6). The most common eating disorder is Bulimia Nervosa. This disease is a modern disease, for it was recently, in the past two or three decades, discovered (Kuberskey 41-46). Bulimia is extremely hard to detect but dangerous, for people with this mental illness are not extremely thin, as they are with Anorexia, and may look healthy on the outside while suffering internally. Because the two most common characteristics of Bulimia are binging, eating a large amount of food in a short amount of time, and purging, regurgitating the food after swallowed, it is extremely harmful to the digestive system. It erodes the esophagus, gums and teeth and, also, disturbs the heart rhythm (Kuberskey 41-46). Purging comes in many forms including using laxatives, water pills or diet pills, exercising excessively, and fasting prior to binging. Bulimia is often carried by a sufferer along with a secretiveness and shamefulness about binging and purging (Segal). The second most common eating disorder and, also, the deadliest is Anorexia Nervosa. The mortality rate for Anorexia Nervosa is the highest of any mental disorder (Jerome). Anorexia, for short, is the refusal to keep a healthy weight for one’s height, body type, age and activity level (Segal). This illness is developed when people take the new â€Å"Diet Fad† too far and began to starve themselves to get their desired results. They spend every moment worrying about food, and the worst and most feared feeling an anorectic can experience is the sensation of being full. They exhibit an overwhelming fear of getting fat and have an extreme concern about body weight and image. Warning signs of Anorexia are extreme weight loss, dry, pale skin, brittle hair and, for females, a loss of menstrual periods (Kuberskey 36-40). A third type of eating disorder is Disordered Eating, EDNOS, which is extreme food restriction and weight management. Forty to fifty percent of women are considered disordered eaters (Natenshon). Some characteristics of being a disordered eater are chewing food and then spitting it out without swallowing it and binging and purging irregularly (Segal). Natenshon states the following information that could prevent one from becoming a disordered eater: 1. Dieting is the worst way to lose weight. 2. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day, so eat it! . Fat free eating is not healthy. 4. Excessive behavior about food is unhealthy (Natenshon) Disordered eating is not as controlling as a real eating disorder like Anorexia or Bulimia, yet it may lead to one. A looming question floats around in many minds after they have been educated or taught about these mental diseases: Do sufferers from eating disorders ever completely recover? Fellow student Sarah Darby, whom was affected, or par tially still is affected, by Anorexia believes one never really recovers from eating disorders. She states the following: NO, I do not believe Anorexia or other eating disorders are something that you ever recover from. I was diagnosed with Anorexia, and I will never be able to look at a slice of pizza without searching for the grease or devour a cookie without calculating the calories. With every glance in the mirror, I perform an evaluation of my size and body, but life goes on. Without this illness I would not be me (Sarah Darby Interview). As one can see, these weakening diseases always lurk inside their carriers, and are always, in the back of their minds, saying â€Å"NO,† to food. Many people support this opinion, yet others like the Renfrew Center, whom help the eating disorder sufferers, believe it can be cured and work every day to prove it can happen. The Renfrew Center, and its many branches of business, is a forty bed facility for women where each one undergoes therapy for their self-specific eating disorder; these clinics can run up to $1,500 a day. At this rehabilitation center the patients take part in individual, art, dance and therapy sessions as well as weigh-ins, room checks and closely monitored meals. Staffers watch the sufferers like a hawk, making sure they follow all of the strict rules (â€Å"Dying to be Thin†). With the increase in eating disorders, many mental and medical treatments have been developed to try and help these mental patients recover. Some mental treatments include Individual therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, Family and Group Therapy, and even Online Support Groups. Medical treatments also exist; they include antidepressants, dietician and nutritionist help, naturopathy, acupuncture, aromatherapy and mediation and homeopathy (Segal). Change me†¦Fix me†¦Make me perfect,† is a quotation that specifically describes the mentality of many American citizens in the modern day world, and it is set permanently in these perfectionist’s minds. Plastic and cosmetic surgeons are making millions of dollars because of this American thought. In the year 2002 liposuction was preformed most frequently with 372,831 patients, and it was followed closely by the number of breast augmentations and reductions with approximately 350,000 patients. Cosmetic surgery is ultimately a 7 billion dollar industry containing procedures such as liposuction, breast augmentations, face lifts, and anti- aging treatments (Gail). With obesity rates skyrocketing in America, particularly in the South, a procedure called liposuction has increased considerably. Women are extremely susceptible to this â€Å"fat erasing† epidemic because, as Kendall Hamilton and Julie Weingarden say, â€Å"We, women, want fullness where we are flat and flatness where we are full. † This extremely invasive and, also, particularly expensive procedure definitely has more cons than it has pros (Rollins). Liposuction has the ability to make a patient extremely attractive, boost a patient’s self-esteem and lower a patient’s body weight, but this person must be psychologically stable, physically healthy, emotionally realistic and within fifteen percent of their ideal body weight (Gail). There is also, like in many surgeries, the death factor to consider. Although death is uncommon, approximately one patient dies every 5,000 procedures, and it is still a major risk and should be taken very seriously (Jerome). After liposuction an excess of skin may be left behind or the patient may be lumpy where they where suctioned. This drawback of liposuction is common, and it may lead to other surgeries, such as tummy tucks or even more liposuctions, which are used to fix these additional mistakes (Gail). â€Å"The Boob Epidemic†, as it is referred to by Cosmopolitan journalist Melissa de la Cruz, is characterized as flocks of teenage girls â€Å"racing† to cosmetic surgeons on a quest for a larger, perkier chest. The number of women eighteen years old and younger that had breast augmentations from year 2002 to year 2003 rose from 3,872 patients to 11,326 patients. In total, 250,000 women received a breast augmentation. Many factors have contributed to the increase in breast augmentations. New and improved implants are being made out of saline instead of silicone, for if saline implants leak, the body can absorb the saltwater, whereas, if silicone implants leak, the body is overcome with silicone poisoning, which is extremely toxic. In the media, celebrities are often seen with large breasts which are often enhanced by breast augmentation surgery. When young female adults see these big busted actresses all over the television it peaks their interest and may make them want to receive this unneeded surgery (de la Cruz). Also, during the past few years a way to undergo a decreased recovery time and have a less visible scar has been discovered. Instead of making the incision around the nipple of the breast or underneath the breast, it is being made under the arms; this reduces the appearance of scars and lessens the recovery time from three weeks to less than one week. As with liposuction, breast augmentations have more disadvantages than advantages. These implants may leak, sometimes, causing the patient to get them removed or replaced. This procedure can also alter muscle development, cause rippling skin near the breast, become rock hard from calcification, cause silicone poisoning and , if received before proper mature age, cause psychological problems. â€Å"Almost twenty percent of breast implant patients decide to get them removed within five years† (de la Cruz). As America and its’ inhabitants age, the search for â€Å"the Fountain of Youth† is never ending, but in place of this fictional fountain of restoration is anti- aging treatments which have become all the rage for women over forty years old. When women hit their thirties and forties their skin begins to sag and wrinkles begin to emerge, which look nothing like the youthful images of older women that are portrayed on television (Gail). These women seek treatments such as Botox injections which have made a steady increase in the past ten years and continue to climb every day (â€Å"Face- lifting and Other Facial Plastic Techniques†). Also, there exist other noninvasive treatments, such as chemical peels, microdermabrasions, laser hair removals, and collagen injections. The procedures like Restylane, CosmoDerm, Cosmoplasts, and human collagen injections all spawn from the thought behind Botox injections; all of these operations are quick to perform, keeping the patients returning for more (Barrett 85). Botox injections are the most popular cosmetic procedure in America with almost 1. 6 million recipients in the year 2002. This shot was originally used by physicians to calm their patient’s twitchy eye muscles, but it is now used for many reasons including the reduction of wrinkles, the main reason, and the elimination of migraine symptoms. This physician injects Botox in the problem spots of the face, freezing nerve impulses and making the face void of expression. Patients, after this muscle paralyzing procedure, cannot frown, squint, raise their eyebrows, or show any sign of disappointment or excitement. Botox, also, is a diluted poison and, if not thoroughly diluted, it may cause botulism, a sometimes fatal form of food poisoning. Other complications this injection of vanity may promote are the loss of ability to raise one’s eyebrows all the way, the excess of drooling due to paralysis of the mouth and the permanent loss of facial expressions. Also, this procedure cannot cure all wrinkles, for some naturally emerge and some are actually caused by the position of certain muscles under the skin. So, as Michael D. Lemonick states, â€Å"Botox isn’t a cure-all, and it has some pretty odd side effects. But if you don’t mind getting shot up with poison and you don’t mind paralyzing parts of your face—well, you’ve got plenty of company. † How do we stop all of these radical quests for â€Å"the perfect body? † What is â€Å"the perfect body? Everyone’s idea is different, and, unfortunately, unless this idea of perfection and vanity is stopped in the minds of small children and teenagers, it will grow as they do until it reaches the point of explosion. Narcissism, I believe, is the root of all evil and until American citizens respect their own body and embrace themselves, this epidemic will live forever. Americans want the impossible, what they cannot have, and it is beginni ng to show that they will do anything in their power to reach what they believe is perfection.

Free Essays on School Uniforms

Public school systems across the country are now requiring students to wear uniforms. Can uniforms really make a difference in a child’s academic performance? Wouldn't uniforms infringe the child’s creativity and self expression? The clothes don't make the child right (Hempill A15)? Wrong. School uniforms can drastically reduce school violence and help a student to focus on school work. In 1996, President Clinton endorsed public school uniforms in his State of the Union Address(Atkins 42). This created a rage among some education critics across the country. Critics complain that uniforms will lessen children’s individualism and creativity, infringing students’ rights and hint of racism. While proponents believe, uniforms will put the students emphasis on schoolwork instead of dressing coolly, and they will help to lower school violence. The idea comes from a Californian elementary school in Long Beach. In 1994, Long Beach became the country's first public school district to institute a mandatory uniform policy"(Atkins 42). The results were so promising that they lead to the President’s endorsement. The school saw a fifty-one percent drop in physical fights, a thirty-four percent drop in assaults and batteries, a fifty percent drop in weapons offenses, and a thirty-two percent drop in school suspensions(Mancini 65). All this in a time span of only one year. Proving that a child’s clothes does make a difference in school violence. In a time when school children are getting killed for designer jackets and shoes, uniforms are exactly what our children need(Mancini 63). Critics say that school uniform inhibit self expression. If you take away a child's self expression through clothing, you force that child to express his or herself in other ways. This might even force a child to resort to even more violent forms of expression, like through writing and art. In today’s society, students are fightin... Free Essays on School Uniforms Free Essays on School Uniforms School Uniforms Years ago I would argue that wearing school uniforms infringes on freedom of self- expression and individuality however now that I’m older I support the wearing of school uniforms in public school at the elementary, middle and also high-school levels. School uniforms may not solve the problem of violence or disruptive behavior in the public schools, but it is a step in the right direction. The implementation of uniforms can promote good order and discipline, communicate respect, reduce the competition/envy of brand-name clothing, and provide a serious learning environment. Peer pressure in school can be overwhelming. At times peer pressure can entice students to do things they may not normally do. Keeping with "In-Style" clothing and accessories at school can be emotionally taxing to students and expensive to the parents. These types of problems sometimes overshadow the importance of academics in public schools. No one ever wants to be ridiculed for what type of clothing he or she may wear to school. Some children who go to public schools may come from low-income families, which make them stand out amongst their peers. School uniforms can help minimize some of these problems. They help decrease the destructive competition among students to wear the stylish outfits. The uniforms can help low-income children feel more apart of the school environment. Uniforms can also be financially beneficial to families, Instead of buying our children brand-name shoes and designer clothing, parents could be buying a few sets of uniforms and buy trendy clothing for aft er school wear. Most local retailers offer school uniforms at affordable prices. In some areas such as Baltimore Maryland parents can submit a request to the school for their children to receive financial aid with clothing in order to adhere to the school uniform policy. School uniforms inspire students to become apart of a team, rather than being a single player. Some ... Free Essays on School Uniforms Implementing School Uniforms â€Å"A child was brutally beaten today when he fought back against another student who tried to steal his brand new sneakers.† This is a headline that is becoming all too familiar to us. In the past few years, city schools have had a number of serious problems concerning students being ridiculed or being attacked simply because of their attire. School used to be a safe place for children to learn during the day. Students should not be afraid to attend school, but often that is the case. They have to live with the fear of being hurt or ridiculed by the other students that deem them to be different. Many times in our society the class structure is often exposed through material items. Children are often shielded from this, but it becomes evident in the clothes they wear to school. Whether it is a rich kid who finds himself in danger for having more, or a poor kid who is ridiculed for not having enough, this is a problem that needs to be solved. School officials in many c ity schools have begun to regulate this problem by making it mandatory that the students wear uniforms. This is a valid solution to a problem that many times prevents children from receiving a proper education. Uniforms should be implemented to prevent these circumstances, which have an enormous affect on the educating process in our public schools throughout the nation. When you hear about the violence that plagues today’s schools, uniforms are usually the first applicable solution to the problem. Uniforms continue to be an upcoming issue in the minds of school officials, parents, and even the President. In the article titled, â€Å"Uniforms, Expulsions Not Just for Private Schools† it states that; President Bill Clinton promoted uniforms in public schools in his State of the Union Address in January or 1996, when he praised them as â€Å"a way to promote safety and discipline in schools†. Clinton also stated: I challenge al... Free Essays on School Uniforms School Uniforms Years ago I would argue that wearing school uniforms infringes on freedom of self- expression and individuality however now that I’m older I support the wearing of school uniforms in public school at the elementary, middle and also high-school levels. School uniforms may not solve the problem of violence or disruptive behavior in the public schools, but it is a step in the right direction. The implementation of uniforms can promote good order and discipline, communicate respect, reduce the competition/envy of brand-name clothing, and provide a serious learning environment. Peer pressure in school can be overwhelming. At times peer pressure can entice students to do things they may not normally do. Keeping with "In-Style" clothing and accessories at school can be emotionally taxing to students and expensive to the parents. These types of problems sometimes overshadow the importance of academics in public schools. No one ever wants to be ridiculed for what type of clothing he or she may wear to school. Some children who go to public schools may come from low-income families, which make them stand out amongst their peers. School uniforms can help minimize some of these problems. They help decrease the destructive competition among students to wear the stylish outfits. The uniforms can help low-income children feel more apart of the school environment. Uniforms can also be financially beneficial to families, Instead of buying our children brand-name shoes and designer clothing, parents could be buying a few sets of uniforms and buy trendy clothing for aft er school wear. Most local retailers offer school uniforms at affordable prices. In some areas such as Baltimore Maryland parents can submit a request to the school for their children to receive financial aid with clothing in order to adhere to the school uniform policy. School uniforms inspire students to become apart of a team, rather than being a single player. Some ... Free Essays on School Uniforms Public school systems across the country are now requiring students to wear uniforms. Can uniforms really make a difference in a child’s academic performance? Wouldn't uniforms infringe the child’s creativity and self expression? The clothes don't make the child right (Hempill A15)? Wrong. School uniforms can drastically reduce school violence and help a student to focus on school work. In 1996, President Clinton endorsed public school uniforms in his State of the Union Address(Atkins 42). This created a rage among some education critics across the country. Critics complain that uniforms will lessen children’s individualism and creativity, infringing students’ rights and hint of racism. While proponents believe, uniforms will put the students emphasis on schoolwork instead of dressing coolly, and they will help to lower school violence. The idea comes from a Californian elementary school in Long Beach. In 1994, Long Beach became the country's first public school district to institute a mandatory uniform policy"(Atkins 42). The results were so promising that they lead to the President’s endorsement. The school saw a fifty-one percent drop in physical fights, a thirty-four percent drop in assaults and batteries, a fifty percent drop in weapons offenses, and a thirty-two percent drop in school suspensions(Mancini 65). All this in a time span of only one year. Proving that a child’s clothes does make a difference in school violence. In a time when school children are getting killed for designer jackets and shoes, uniforms are exactly what our children need(Mancini 63). Critics say that school uniform inhibit self expression. If you take away a child's self expression through clothing, you force that child to express his or herself in other ways. This might even force a child to resort to even more violent forms of expression, like through writing and art. In today’s society, students are fightin...

Research paper on metebolic syndrome Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research paper on metebolic syndrome - Article Example These include; hypertension, insulin resistance, central obesity, glucose intolerance, among other factors. This syndrome is significantly similar to a higher risk of diabetes mellitus type II and cardiovascular disease. According to Ricci-Cabello et al (2011), it has been found out metabolic syndrome prevalence is about 20% to 30% among adults worldwide. Patients with MetS have excess blood clotting and increased levels of blood substances; a sign of inflammation throughout the body. Several factors have led to increased incidences of metabolic syndrome, and they include: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, obesity epidemic, and tobacco use. Several signs serve as indicators of metabolic syndrome and a victim may display several of them. Such as blood pressure exceeding 130/185 mmHg, fasting blood glucose equal or higher than 100mg/dl, large waist circumference (length around the waist) for men 40 inches or more, women 35 inches or more. Moreover, triglycerides levels may rise to 1 50mg/dl or more. The authors argue that the relationship between type 2 diabetes and dairy product intake is not clear. At the same time, the authors articulate that weny from milk appeared insulin tropic when taken in a single meal, but not when it is taken in a long term intervention. Several studies show that there are beneficial effects of milk intake in persons diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. However, a report by Lawlor DA showed that a person, who was not an ardent milk consume, exhibited lower prevalence of MS and insulin resistance. Also, one cross-sectional study reported that intake of milk was associated with high occurrence of the abdominal blood pressure, but not associated with blood glucose, lipid and body weight. The authors equally stated that foods containing protein provided a satiating effect that was dependent on the source, dose and the proteins definitive features. These include, gel strength and viscosity. Moreover, consumption

Answer two questions below for coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Answer two questions below for - Coursework Example Thus creating the image that America was founded as a penal colony and the ancestors of the Americans were all criminals and staff of the penal colony assigned by the king to the colony. In reality, the history North America is not the way most people envision it to be. In truth, North America was founded using a combination of government cunning, capitalist interests, and hopeful individuals. According to historical accounts, King James thought of the new land as a method by which he could extend his empire and bestow more land gifts to chosen members of his court. The members of his court, in exchange for the hectares of land bestowed upon them by the king, would send back token taxes to the king in the form of goods such as bearskin and arrowheads. However, not all of the emigrants came to North America upon the goodwill of the king. Then and now, venture capitalists have always played an important role on the evolution of the Americas. Since England was beset with economic proble ms during the 1600s, there were some British citizens who decided to escape the poverty and economic hardship of England by going to the Americas. These people who came to be known as â€Å"indentured servants† since they had to work for capitalist companies helping to build the settlement in the colony for a period of 5-7 years before they could be free to own land and invest on their own, were some of the most important settlers in the colony. Coming to the country to work for companies such as the Virginia Company created enticing advertisements for both the emigrants and the ship captains, who were given commissions for the people that they brought to the Americas to work for the company. Not all of the early emigrants also cane solely from England. Even then, Italians, French, and Europeans had already heard about the New World and were making their way to the colony to join and become some of the early settlers in the

Personal Resourcing and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Personal Resourcing and Development - Essay Example After the implementation of active workplace programme at Ginsters, a survey highlighted that the workers in the organisation engage with the company and assume pride in doing their work. This is an indication of increased motivation in comparison to the prior years. Despite the fact that the employees of Ginsters stood and worked for long hours, a fitness test conducted by the Caradon Council found them to be unfit (Hudson, 2010). This made the company employ a fitness coordinator on fulltime basis and purchased a gym in an existing building. This was an incentive or reward to the workers. The manager of Ginsters acknowledged that the workers had been convinced to participate in the different activities within the organization. At Ginsters, the motivational theory that can be applied to the situation of employees is the expectancy theory. According to this theory, the employees perform their work in a hard and smart way whenever they believe that their additional efforts would resul t into rewards that are valuable (Pinder, 2008). This is evidenced at Ginsters when a gym is introduced in the existing building of the organisation to offer exercises to the workers. The expectancy theory of motivation highlights that increased output would be given by the equation; Motivational or effort force = Expectancy (Instrumentality x Valence) (Pinder, 2008). In this case effort force implies the force expended by the employees in achieving the performance that is desired. Expectancy is the belief that any force or effort would lead to a required performance level (Mitchell, 2003). On the other hand, instrumentality implies the thought that the needed performance will lead to an outcome that is desired and... From this paper it is clear that  Ginsters company is a winner of the World Leisure 2008 innovation award and the company’s   active workplace employee programme wellness has experienced significant results.  This essay stresses that  the company failed to have a firm a stand on its employer. Despite the fact that this company provides a significant amount of career opportunity for individuals, the company experiences various challenges. About 18 % of the 450-workforce strongholds were obtained from   individuals with minority backgrounds. These people were constantly resisting the chances to be integrated   into the company team. The day and night shifts did not mix and the different production areas mistrusted each other. An annual survey study established that the morale of the workers was low. After the implementation of active workplace programme at Ginsters, a survey highlighted that the workers in the organisation engage with the company and assume pride in doing their work. This is an indication of increased motivation in comparison to the prior years. Despite the fact that the employees of Ginsters stood and worked for long hours, a fitness test conducted by the Caradon Council found them to be unfit.  Instrumentality implies the thought that the needed performance will lead to an outcome that is desired and valence is the employees outcome value. The active workplace programme implementation at Ginsters, was an aspect of expectancy theory.

Care Of The Patient In Recovery Inadvertent Hypothermia Case Nursing Essay

Care Of The Patient In Recovery Inadvertent Hypothermia Case Nursing Essay Before the author can discuss hypothermia in regards to the patient above they must first review how the body regulates heat control within the body. Many sources, give varying definitions of what normal body temperature or normothermia is. For example Marieb (2004) defines this as a core temperature range from 35.6 °c and 37.8 °C. Meanwhile Kiekkas and Karga (2005) defined the normal temperature range of adult patients as between 36.5 °C and 37.5 °C. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) 2008 guideline for the management of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia agree with this definition. Core temperature, defined by Kiekkas and Karga (2005), is the blood temperature of the central circulatory system, which can be measured for example at the pulmonary artery, rectum or via the tympanic membrane, which occurs in recovery at Hospital x. The hypothalamus is the central organ that acts as the bodys heat promoting and heat loss centre, then brains thermoregulatory centre. Body temperature is kept stable and regulated with the help of blood. The neuronal centre in the posterior hypothalamus is triggered when there is a decrease in temperature in the blood or the external temperature is low. Mechanisms for heat conservation and heat production are triggered such as, shivering, which is the bodys natural response to cold, constriction of blood vessels in the skin and increased metabolic activity to produce energy (Hatfield and Tronson, 1996; Marieb, 2004). As with the varying definitions of normothermia, there are also differing definitions in hypothermia. NICE (2008) guideline defines hypothermia as a core temperature of less than 36 °C. Similarly several authors agree with this definition, Aikenhead et al (2007), American Society of Peri Anesthesia Nurses (ASPAN) (2009); Clarke and Clark , 1997). Meanwhile Kiekkas and Karga state, hypothermia as a core temperature of more than 1 (standard deviation) less than the mean value under resting conditions in a thermoneutral environment (Kiekkas 2005, p444) There are 4 ways in which the body loses heat; conduction, convection, evaporation and radiation. Talk about these briefly! There are patients who are more at risk of developing hypothermia these include; older and younger patients. The size of the patient: thin, due to the lack of tissue mass and obese, due to the large surface area. The type of procedure: open thoracic, abdominal, gynaecological or genitourinary. Patients having a combined general and spinal anaesthesia (Welch, 2002) Patient A falls into some of these categories, because of the type of surgery, age and anaesthesia she will be having. As part of the pre operative check in Patient A was asked the last time she had eaten, this was 12 hours before the procedure. Advice of fasting for 6 hours plus is given to patients to prevent nausea and vomiting during and after the induction of anaesthesia, as this along with the spinal causes the constriction of the abdomen and stomach. This in turn deprives the body of the metabolic system of energy it needs from food digestion (Cobbold Money 2010; McNeil, 1997). Following administration of Propofol and Remifentanil via a TIVA syringe pump, the patient was intubated with a size 7 endotracheal tube. Anaesthetic medications such as those given to Patient A; Propofol, depress the central nervous system which mean the hypodermic thermoregulatory centre function is decreased. This occurs as there is an increase in conduction and radiation to the peripheral points of the skin, where heat loss is at most, as the skin has a large surface area. This loss of heat is difficult to manage after anaesthesia has been administered as heat distribution, which is the increase in peripheral temperature and a decrease of core temperature has taken place (Kiekkas Karga, 2005; Sasad Smith, 2000). With her airway secured, Patient X was positioned for the administering of a spinal. Her back was exposed and sprayed with chlorhexidine gluconate solution, for pre operative skin disinfection (BNF, 2008), a cold solution thus further contributing to the decrease in Patient As body temperature, via evaporation (Bellamy, 2007). The effect of administering Diamorphine and Marcain Heavy ® is that it causes the sympathetic nervous system to be compromised as vasodilatation occurs (Fallacaro et al, 1986). Patient A was taken into theatre, where the ambient temperature as recorded by the author was 21 °C, reason for the temperature being so low is to minimise the growth of bacteria. However such a low temperature would affect Patient A as her body temperature will vary according to the environments conditions (Bellamy, 2007). McNeil (1998), advocates that the temperature in theatre should be raised from 21 °C to 24 °C to maintain Patient As core temperature, which unfortunately was not taken until the procedure in the operating had started. Whilst the author agrees with the later point so that the patients temperature is taken into consideration, they have to agree with Bellamys (2007) point on minimising bacteria production. Patient A was exposed for catheterisation and for the Bair Hugger ® to be positioned. This is a forced air system used in Hospital X, which several sources agree, is the best form of preventing inadvertent hypothermia (Hegarty et al, 2009; NICE Guidelines, 2008; Welch, 2002). This was however switched on at 36.5 °C after Patient A had been prepped and draped. Fluids were firstly administered to Patient A in the anaesthetic room at room temperature; they were then transferred into a warming coil at a temperature of 37 °C. Whilst the NICE (2008) guidelines recommend warm fluids are administered in the operating room at the temperature stated, the author feels that warm fluids should have been started in the anaesthetic room. The monitoring of Patient As temperature occurred after draping and prepping, it was measured using an oesophageal temperature probe as this measures the core temperature accurately and documented every 15 minutes (Al-Shaikh and Stacey, 2002; NICE, 2008). NICE (2008) recommends that temperature of a patient should be 36 °C before a procedure should proceed, the temperature of Patient A on arrival to the anaesthetic room was not taken and the first temperature in theatre was 35.6 °C increasing to 36.0 °c at the end of the procedure. After the procedure, which had no surgical complications and Patient A was extubated, she was transferred to recovery where the tympanic temperature; which is associated with the brain temperature therefore reflects the core temperature (Al-Shaikh and Stacey, 2002), was taken in recover 10 minutes after the patient arrived and was recorded to be 35.4 °C. Handover to the recovery personnel included patients name, date of birth, procedure, what drugs had been administered and the anaesthetist made an emphasis on the patients temperature which they wanted to make sure was up to at least 36.0 °c before the patient was transferred to the ward, part of the NICE (2008) guidelines. Standard recovery monitoring including Oxygen saturation, electrocardiogram and blood pressure results were constantly observed, with results being documented every 15 minutes. The effects of hypothermia are not known until the patient comes into recovery for some time as the effects are masked by the anaesthetic drugs given to Patient A. (Kiekkas et al, 2005). To prevent this a Bair Hugger was placed on Patient A to continue the warming cycle. There are many complications associated post operatively with hypothermia, the most common is post anaesthetic shivering, which is an involuntary muscular activity. This is bought on by the body returning to normal Delayed emergence, where the metabolism of drugs is decreased, as it makes it more difficult for the anaesthesia to be reversed due to the hepatic and renal functions being impaired. Add liver metabolism of drugs to this section Pressure sore development Blood clots clotting cascade, platelets do not work increased bleeding Discharge criteria Patient A woke up fully after 20 minutes in the PACU with no complaints of pain, sickness or nausea but thirst. Her temperature was taken again and this was found to be 35.8 °C, a marked improvement on her original recovery temperature. Before the patient is transferred to the ward what scale used observations etc? Urine output from catheter Sats BP

Free Othello Essays: The Characters of Othello :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Characters of Othello  Ã‚   Shakespeare's Othello is a novel that depicts on the intense relationship between Othello, Cassio, and Iago. One charter may see the other as a dear friend and a comrade, but the second one may see the first as an inferior person that he/she is envious of due to something they have. Othello is a tragedy of trust, if you learn to trust then you live in happiness, but the power of distrust is enough to make a man attempt evil and corrupt actions. During the course of the book some of the characters relations become strong, but then at the last possible moment most of those relations revert and a few increase. It is a difficult thing to explain, but I'll break it down for you. Each character had his own relation towards another, Othello had a strong friendship towards Iago, as if he were his brother. Othello sees Cassio as a fine young soldier, but as the story goes on he begins to despise Cassio because he was fed false information about Cassio that upset the war hero greatly. Iago hat es Othello, because he gave what he thought was an underqualified soldier a promotion, so he is out for revenge. Iago is also jealous of Cassio for the reason just given, he thinks he deserves the promotion and is very envious that Cassio beat him to it. Why did these people's relation change? What role does trust play in the entire play? When do we know when to trust and when not to trust? These are all questions that wonder in your heads because in some cases it is bad to trust, but in others trust is what keeps relationships and friendships alive, don't be confused its just a matter of knowing when to trust and when not to trust. Othello and Iago one of the most fake friendships ever to be put down on paper. Othello was most definitely a true to Iago, he trusted Iago on the battle field and in his social, now that is the trust of a real friend. Othello saw Iago as his most trusted soldier, consultant, and friend. Othello was the type of person that always thought people would think low of him cause of the color of his skin. He fell in love with a woman whose family dislikes him due to the color of thou skin.

Martial Law in Philippines Analysis

Martial Law in Philippines Angelique M. Musni BSED Physical Science 3-1 Mr. Roel Robles History Analysis October 12, 2012 Martial Law in Philippines I. Introduction Martial Law was proclaimed by Ferdinand Marcos the 6th president of the Philippines on September 21, 1972. Dictatorial in which he will able to control, rule, and manipulate people through his power. He was a topnotch law student. Since he argue at the Supreme Court accusing him as a murderer, because of his ability as a sharp shooter. He quickly gained supporters because of winning against it. Even in his love life he considered it as a political. Related article: Reflection Paper About Martial LawHe married Former First Lady Imelda Marcos for his own intention. He has his own plan that’s why he proclaimed Martial Law. He wanted to stay as a president for longer time. II. Content In a documentary I watched Garcia (1997). He said that 1969, elections came around when Marcos run for his second term, and that was the dirtiest, fraudulent ever. When that election came rise in dollar out bared. That was the most expensive election. On 1971 after the Plaza Bombing, Filipinos don’t have trust, due to disappointment to Marcos. Marcos opponents in that election won that’s Liberal party in which people who became the victim of Plaza Bombing.On 1972 all of the people contradict to Marcos or his enemies were arrested by police and the military. Including Benigno Aquino became his mortal enemy. Many people arrested. Nobody knows what is happening because all of the media controlled by Marcos all you can hear is just mu sic. The government set Plebiscite to produced new constitution but soon he realized that he might lost because all people are in favor for Benigno and Diokno so he changed it to voting through raising hands, even kids were allowed to vote and then they will going to ask, who wants free food, because of poverty many people will raised they’re hands.Marcos did consult to Richard Nixon about his plan. Richard Nixon didn’t stop him because Richard wanted to prevent the spread of communism. New constitution formed under military rule, whose purpose is only for him. All of the people against him were go to jail, and worst is killed there are also Filipina Women who got raped. Media were being controlled by him, only government can control media only favorable news about them were being reported. At first country showing good economy, but as soon the truth revealed, continuous corruption occurred. People don’t have right to express their freedom.The result of this is the decreasing economy, increasing debts. Support of America Government vanished as they realized that Marcos didn’t works towards democracy. Many Filipino people suffer in this authoritarian government. Armed Forces of the Philippines are the one who accompanied the rule of Marcos. Even his friend Primitivo Mijares chief propagandists on the regime of Martial Law of Marcos, but sooner became the enemy of Kokoy Romualdez, brother of Imelda Marcos. He even breaks off unto regime of Martial Law. Primitivo wrote a book named â€Å"The Conjugal Dictatorship†.He exposed the truth behind Marcos regime. Including his love life affair to an American artist do exposed in the book. Later Mijares disappeared many people believed that Marcos agents at U. S. killed him. Until now the body of him has not been found. Incidents about abusing people don’t reveal on regime of Marcos. All of the media were remained working but they wouldn’t allow to revealed bad side about Marcos. He even abused many people and killed many innocent people. It was being proved that Family Marcos did abuse many people on the contrary they should pay ten thousandths people in return.Until now Marcos Family didn’t accept that they all abused many people Marcos stated that he will make the Philippines a Land reform area, he will going to distribute it on peasants. At the end of his term not more than four percent get their land. He even stole and get some of the companies of Lopez Family, Lopez Family were rich, owning lots of company, Marcos wanted it all, Geny Lopez was accuse to assassinate Marcos that’s why he arrested him. For Geny’s freedom Marcos ask to give the companies to him in return. Lopez, gave what he said, But Marcos didn’t give the freedom for Geny.He fooled Lopez instead. He won his freedom when he escaped from prison. Marcos makes a group consisting of his friends and relatives called Cronies. This group aims to have all the w ealth in Philippines. His wife Imelda Marcos did enjoy the luxury of her life, spending money of the government. . Imelda Marcos stated that there were no Filipino’s being executed or murdered at Martial Law times. Imelda Marcos been called as an Iron Butterfly because of her beauty and toughness of steal. She’s been the secret weapon of Marcos. She became the minister of Human Settlements.She signed deals on different country. She even put all up some buildings, many people said that Imelda spent 1 million US dollar, just for her daughter’s wedding. Involve the renovation of the said Church for the wedding after several months due to earthquake the Church collapsed. Another one is the Manila Film Center, this building been rushed for the said occasion. According to the reports the two floors collapse and many construction workers died and even buried on the Film Center, Imelda Marcos denied that there are no people buried at the Film Center she said she never l eft dead people there.Today Manila Film Center is an empty useless building and now, planned to demolish. For sort of reason U. S America under Jimmy Carter, Marcos push to do the National Assembly Elections. With that Benigno Aquino allowed to run but not to campaign, but he had given a chance to appear on Television on March 10, 1978. With the help of Benigno Aquino and others they formed a new alliance that is against Marcos Regime which was named â€Å"Laban†. They believed that many of their votes won’t be counted so they think that they should make a noise barrage. This noise barrage last for one night.Benigno Aquino didn’t wont at the election because of cheating. The rich Filipino exiles in US make a movement which was called â€Å"Light A Fire Movementâ€Å" and â€Å"April 6 Movement† this aim to strengthen many Filipino’s to write and speak for their freedom. 1918 Philippines economy got weak. U. S. president also changed and that is R onald Reagen. Santo Papa will visit Philippines so Marcos removed the Martial Law and do the Presidential Election. Marcos won, against his opponent. Through cheating he won and the rumor was Marcos was the one who funded the opponent so that people would believe that was true.Nothing changed when it comes to his power. Marcos forced to give freedom to Benigno Aquino because of his sickness. He’s afraid Benigno Aquino would die in prison and blame by many people. After that, Benigno continue fighting at U. S. Benigno Aquino planned to go home in Philippines but he didn’t allow by Marcos regime, He faked his passport for him to be able to travel. By the time the airplane landed he was shot by the gun. Former Senator Aquino died. Many Filipino’s attended his burial and gave their Sympathy. This Reason made Filipino people to continue and fight for their freedom.This lead to People Power I. Marcos did surrender because of threat that people will kill him. Corazon A quino wife of Sen. Benigno Aquino, give way for the restoration of Philippine Democracy. III. Analysis In an article I read Bajala (2012). He said that he have fully realized the merciless oppression of the dictator. He has known some of the countless stories to be told by prominent characters and also ordinary individuals of their experiences during one of the dark ages in the Philippine history. He has seen the struggle of the country to regain democracy.Filipinos has fought for it since the past. From the Spaniards, to the Japanese then to the Americans. Filipino had won them all. The Martial Law is never an exception. The people once again showed their love for freedom, both in peaceful and active rebellions. We had shown our unity as we stand for our rights. We will always be fighting of whatever forces that might hinder us from our goal, to live progressively in a democratic nation. Well for me, Marcos is like Hitler who only wants satisfaction with their own self.A very selfi sh man who doesn’t even try to think about others, even said to people that he want only to serve his own country but revealed that he only want power. Filipino people ones proved that we can overcome many struggle. I have seen that lots of Filipino at Martial Law continued fighting just to get their freedom and regain democracy. Filipino proved that not all Filipino’s became afraid on fighting back their freedom. Even they suffered a lot. They still have hopes to continue. Marcos, became too greed that he doesn’t even think others life. I felt angry to Marcos. And felt Pity for people who abused by Marcos.I am proud of what Benigno Aquino and his wife done in our country. Benigno even made sacrifice also his wife for the democracy of Filipino people. They are heroes. Heroes, who don’t hesitate on helping they’re own fellowmen. They don’t show fear, instead they became brave and make Filipino their inspiration. So we Filipino’s we sho uld protect and give importance to the democracy given us by late Benigno and Cory. They were one’s a Filipino who aims to have a peaceful and prosperity life. We should thank them for what they did. Reference: Garcia, H. ., Apostol, E. ., et al (1997) â€Å"Batas Militar†

What is Sampling in Archaeology

What is Sampling in Archaeology Sampling is the practical, ethical method of dealing with large amounts of data to be investigated. In archaeology, it is not always prudent or possible to excavate all of a particular site  or survey all of a particular area. Excavating a site is expensive and labor-intensive and it is a rare archaeological budget that allows that. Secondly, under most circumstances, it is considered ethical to leave a portion of a site or deposit unexcavated, assuming that improved research techniques will be invented in the future. In those cases, the archaeologist must design an excavation or survey sampling strategy that will obtain enough information to allow reasonable interpretations of a site or area, while avoiding complete excavation. Scientific sampling needs to carefully consider how to obtain a thorough, objective sample that will represent the entire site or area. To do that, you need your sample to be both representative and random. Representative sampling requires that you first assemble a description of all the pieces of the puzzle that you expect to examine, and then select a subset of each of those pieces to study. For example, if you plan to survey a particular valley, you might first plot out all the kinds of physical locations that occur in the valley (floodplain, upland, terrace, etc.) and then plan to survey the same acreage in each location type, or the same percentage of area in each location type. Random sampling is also an important component: you need to understand all parts of a site or deposit, not just the ones where you might find the most intact or the most artifact-rich areas. Archaeologists often use a random number generator to select areas to study without bias. Sources See the Sampling in Archaeology Bibliography.

Managing Corporate Reputation †the Case of Ryanair

Managing Corporate Reputation – the Case of Ryanair Introduction Corporate reputation refers to the values and the association created in the mind of a customer based on organisational communication and other areas of contact between the company and customers. Factors that contribute to corporate reputation include pricing, promotions, leadership, employee attitudes and customer service, among others.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Managing Corporate Reputation – the Case of Ryanair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A company with a positive corporate reputation is also characterised by market growth and maintenance of competitive advantage. In addition, such a firm has an excellent brand equity and customer loyalty (Bick 2009). Although Ryanair operated successfully for a long time with a negative corporate reputation, profit warnings in financial reporting highlighted the need to change the bad image of the company occasioned by poor communication and in sulting of stakeholders (BBC News). The current study focuses on understanding the corporate reputation of Ryanair, identifying contributing factors to negative reputation and proposing measures to improve reputation of the firm. Background – Ryanair The airline company is one of the best performing businesses in Europe. In fact, it is characterised by the lowest charges. With regard to the number of passengers on an annual basis, the organisation is the second best performing airline in Europe (Ryanair 2014). The company, founded in 1985, is named after its founder Christopher Ryan. Under the management of Michael O’Leary, the airline adopted and perfected the low cost model pioneered by Southwest Airlines and most people associate the affordability and ancillary revenue to Ryanair. While other airlines continued to seek ways of increasing ticket prices, Ryanair focused on reduction and making up for the lost revenue through ancillary sources such as shopping on board , hotel booking, car hire and internet gaming. When providing the low cost services, Ryanair has no frills, operates from point to point, maximises utilisation of aircrafts, has less delayed flights, charges lowest fares, has standardised fleet, and uses small airports.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In spite of being among the most popular airline firms because of its low cost model, the company’s corporate reputation has been questioned by many people on the premises of low quality of customer service (Ryanair 2014). The current situation The stakeholders’ theory is helpful in understanding the current situation in the airline, as poor reputation impacts on internal, external and connected stakeholders. As discussed in the background, the company faces a problem with its corporate reputation. In fact, customers complain of low quality services , rudeness and limited attention from staff members; survey ratings put the company at the bottom in terms of customer satisfaction. Customer complaints, especially in the social media, deal a blow to the Ryanair’s corporate reputation. The situation is made worse when the CEO asserts that the low quality services are the value of the lowest charges that the firm adopts (Topham 2013). The huge blow to corporate reputation resulted in the company’s stakeholders asking for a reversal of the situation, which is possible mainly through an effective communication strategy. The stakeholders theory states that all stakeholders must be considered in the decision-making process of the organisation. This theory focuses on the critical roles that are played by shareholders in order for an organisation to have excellent results (Crowther Seifi 2011). In this case, Ryanair’s stakeholders include managers and employees in the internal environment, customers, financiers, dist ributors, suppliers and retailers as connected stakeholders, and the government, pressure groups, professional bodies, the media, society and local communities being the external stakeholders. Currently, the company has strengths, including the low cost model, online presence, efficient fuel consumption, new aircrafts and plans for effective communication and marketing. On the contrary, as the company corporate reputation is poor because of poor customer services, disregard for customer concerns by the CEO, poor booking process, and the use of destination airports.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Managing Corporate Reputation – the Case of Ryanair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Because of reputation problems, the company experience declining profits, dissatisfied shareholders, employees and customers, low reputation and popularity of the CEO, falling share price, intense competition in the market, poor communication and service quality (BBC News). The challenge As highlighted in the current situation, Ryanair faces a challenge with its corporate reputation, which had implication on the company’s strategic and organisational aspects. A strategic and organisational analysis of corporate the reputation challenge facing Ryanair reveals various positive and negative aspects of the situation. The company faces corporate reputation challenges as the management often receives complaints from customers and competitors because of misleading advertisements and inappropriate communication in implementing the company’s marketing mix strategies. The company sometimes advices fare prices, which are not consistent with the real prices the company charges passengers. The company’s publicity is dented by the CEO, who insults the company’s stakeholders in a direct manner (Topham 2013). The company, sometimes, announces measures such as extra charges for using the toilet, overweight passengers and standing, which are never implemented. This is an indication that the company intends to seek attention from customers. Reputation is also negatively impacted by the company’s low quality services and bad treatment of customers. The firm fails to provide services that are critical in ensuring relatively higher levels of satisfaction. Social experience is a major problem resulting from negative corporate reputations for the company. People reported of not flying with Ryanair because of negative social influences of others. Impact of the reputation challenge on Ryanair and stakeholders Considering the reputation challenge facing Ryanair, the implications for the organisations and its stakeholders are immense. First, in the recent times, the CEO admitted that the company was having reputation challenges, which call for collaboration to change (Topham 2013). This would contribute to maintaining the company’s position as the leader in the low cost airline market. Second, empirical research indicates the organisational and stakeholder challenges of having a poor corporate reputation. For instance, the article in The Economist newspaper revealed reports of Ryanair being at the bottom most of the surveys conducted to determine customer satisfaction, with most customers expressing their frustration in the social media (The Economist 2014).Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, a comparison between Ryanair and other major low-cost model airlines such as easy Jet revealed better corporate reputation and perception of easy Jet, which impacts negatively on Ryanair’s competitiveness. Although the low cost strategy has been the reason for Ryanair’s market leadership and reputation, using the strategy in every aspect of the business including marketing and communication compromises the quality of service. The low cost strategy implies cutting cost of every aspect of the airline. From the information presented, the corporate strategy under the leadership of O’Leary indicates a negative corporate reputation, which results in bad publicity and negative perception of Ryanair (Topham 2013). Furthermore, although the CEO O’Leary’s straightforward nature may be positive for the company it has negative implications as the customers perceive the attitude as that of caring less. Indeed, O’Leary’s harsh response s to customer dissatisfaction and being straight to the point about returning value for customers’ money worsened the corporate reputation (Topham 2013). The leadership behaviour at the top is often passed down to other employees who in turn express the same behaviour to customers, creating a bad organisational culture and behaviour (Ogbonna Harris 2000). On the positive side, the strategy pursued by the CEO is for the good of the business and its target market segment. Indeed, as the CEO, O’Leary asserted, the strategy suits the target customers who are more interested in the punctuality of flight scheduling, safety and low price because of their budgetary constraints (Topham 2013). On the contrary, the negative corporate reputation impacted negatively on the company’s competitive advantage. As research findings indicated, Ryanair experienced negative growth while close competitors such as easy Jet experienced gradual, positive growth (Vizard 2014). Financial and economic reports indicated declining company profits and share price because of customers withdrawing and investors fearing for sustained negative corporate reputation (BBC News 2013). The implications for the organisation and stakeholders highlight the correlation between corporate reputation and organisational growth. The positive correlation indicates the need for reversing the negative image and embrace good communication, which would improve corporate reputation, customer service and identity. The steps result in positive publicity for the organisation and maintenance of the leadership position in the industry. A proposal for improving Ryanair’s corporate reputation Considering Ryanair’s strong reputation as a low cost carrier, adopting an effective communication strategy could contribute significantly towards improving its perception in the public, which in turn leads to being competitive and increase the rate of growth. Therefore, the proposed measures are g eared towards improving the corporate image through effective communication strategies. The major areas identified included promoting the publicity of the organisation through advertising, social media marketing and positive publicity. Improving publicity is in line with making the consumption experience better through high quality customer service and ensuring in-flight conflict. Above all communication will help in creating a positive social influence, which would facilitate the word of mouth advertising (Shakespeare 2013). Improving publicity is in accordance with the assertion of Crowther and Seifi (2011) who considered it as the best way of product and service promotion through media space, with the low-cost model being a major positive for Ryanair. Appearance in the media informs and reminds people about the company’s existence and the benefits derived from it. Rather than using negative publicity, the company can replace with positive publicity, mainly through advertis ing, social marketing and positive publicity from the CEO. To reverse the negative reputation and regain stakeholders’ confidence, the CEO should publicise an apology for insulting stakeholders, announce plans to transform the corporate reputation, being responsive to customer dissatisfaction and apologising in case of unplanned inconveniences. With the negative reputation facing the company, improving publicity would catch consumers by surprise, which gains their attention in addition to maintaining awareness (Topham 2013). Improving the consumption experience through in-flight comfort, service features and quality of services is vital to the communication strategy to be effective (Curry Gao 2012). Although in flight comfort is not a key market proposition for the company, improving customer service on board contributes significantly to a positive reputation. In this regard, positive corporate image is possible with a change in organisational behaviour and culture through p ositive communication from the management. Good communication with staff is reflected in their communication to customers. Other service features to improve corporate reputation include transparency in published ticket prices, flexibility in luggage limits, making booking easy, ticket prices, and making the company website more attractive to enhance communication. Improving social influences in the market is important in ensuring customers affected by negative reputation start using Ryanair services. Employee training is a critical aspect of improving publicity because they are the ones who get in touch with customers first hand (Curry Gao 2012). Conclusions From the analysis of Ryanair’s corporate reputation, various conclusions and recommendations are drawn based on the current situation of the organisation. They are based on internal and external analysis and identification of measures to improve the company’s corporate reputation. Being a leader in the low-cost ai rline industry in Europe and the world, the company has experienced profit decline, which, as the CEO admitted, resulted from negative corporate reputation. The reputation resulted mainly from the company’s poor treatment of customers and the CEO insulting stakeholders openly. Furthermore, the company focused efforts on negative publicity through straightforward communication and failure to respond appropriately to customer dissatisfaction issues. The dissatisfaction resulted in profit decline, which necessitated changes in communication (BBC News). As the CEO admitted to harmful implications of the bad reputation, the study proposes measures to improve the situation and achieve positive reputation. The measures proposed include publicity improvement through advertising, social marketing, in-flight comfort, customer service, and improvement of social experience. The improvement measures do not compromise Ryanair’s low cost strategy because cost differential is the majo r source of competitive advantage of the airline. References BBC News, Ryanair shares plunge after warning over profits. Web. Bick, G. C. 2009, Increasing shareholder value through building Customer and Brand Equity, Journal Of Marketing Management, vol. 25, no. 1/2, pp. 117-141, Crowther, D, Seifi, S. 2011, Corporate Governance and International Business. Bookboon, London, United Kingdom. Curry, N. Gao, Y. 2012, Low-Cost Airlines- A New Customer Relationship? An Analysis of Service Quality, Service Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty in a Low- Cost Setting, Services Marketing Quarterly, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 104-118. Ogbonna, E. Harris, L. 2000, Leadership style, organisational culture and performance: empirical evidence from UK companies, International Journal Of Human Resource Management, 11, 4, pp. 766-788. Ryanair, 2014, Cheap Flights | Cheap Flights to Europe | Official Ryanair Site. Web. Shakespeare, S. 2013, Ryanair charm offensive may heal its brand reputation. YouGov: What the world thinks. Web. The Economist, 2014, Price or quality-pick one. Web. Topham, G. 2013, Ryanairs new touchy-feely OLeary hits turbulence but sees clearer air ahead. Web. Vizard, S. 2014, EasyJet narrows gap on Ryanair in passenger battle, Marketing Week (Online Edition), vol. 2, no. 1, p. 9.